我国是水资源短缺和污染比较严重的国家之一。1993年全国总取用水量与1980年相比增加18.43%，达到5 255亿m3，人均用水量为450 m3。用水结构发生很大转变，自1980年以来，全国农业灌溉和农村生活用水(统称农村用水)基本持平，而工业用水和城镇生活用水则有较大的增长［1，2］。 China is one of the countries with severe water shortage and pollution. In 1993, the total amount of water consumption in the country increased by 18.43 percent compared with 1980, to 555 billion m3, with a per capita water consumption of 450 m3. Water structure, great changes since 1980, the national agriculture and rural life (generally referred to as the rural water) flat, with water and industrial water and domestic water in cities and towns have larger growth [1, 2]. 　　1993年黄、淮、海河三流域人均占有水资源量分别为543、500和351 m3，而人均用水量为393、301和347 m3。国外学者认为，人均占有水资源量1 000 m3是实现现代化的最低标准，从现状和未来发展来看，我国北方黄、淮、海河三流域要达到人均占有水资源量1 000 m3是极其困难的，即使要达到500 m3也需进行很大的投入。 In 1993, the water resources per capita in the yellow, huai and haihe rivers were 543, 500 and 351 m3 respectively, while the per capita water consumption was 393, 301 and 347 m3 respectively. Foreign scholars believe that 000 m3 per capita water resources is to realize the modernization of minimum standards, from the point of the present situation and future development, yellow and huai, the haihe river basin in north China to achieve 000 m3 per capita water resources is extremely difficult, even to achieve 500 m3 also require a big investment. 　　从全国情况看，目前城市缺水严重，已造成严重的经济损失和社会环境问题。缺水城市分布将由目前集中在三北(华北、东北、西北)地区及东部沿海城市逐渐向全国蔓延。 From the national situation, the current urban water shortage serious, has caused serious economic loss and social environment problems. The distribution of water shortage will gradually spread to the whole country from the three north (north, northeast and northwest) regions and the eastern coastal cities. 　　节约用水、治理污水和开发新水源具有同等重要的意义。大力发展水处理化学品对节约用水、治理污水起着重要的作用。 Saving water, managing sewage and developing new water sources are of equal importance. Vigorously developing water treatment chemicals plays an important role in saving water and treating sewage. 　　水处理剂是工业用水、生活用水、废水处理过程中所必需使用的化学药剂。经过这些化学药剂的使用，使水达到一定的质量要求。水处理剂的主要作用是控制水垢、污泥的形成，减少泡沫，减少与水接触的材料的腐蚀，除去水中的悬浮固体和有毒物质，除臭脱色，软化和稳定水质等。因此水处理剂包括凝聚剂、絮凝剂、阻垢剂、缓蚀剂、分散剂、杀菌剂、清洗剂、预膜剂、消泡剂、脱色剂、螯合剂、除氧剂及离子交换树脂。一般性的化学药品，如用于调整水的pH值的酸或碱，常常不被看作是水处理剂。 Water treatment agents are the chemical agents necessary for industrial use of water, water and wastewater treatment. After the use of these chemicals, the water reaches a certain quality requirement. Water treatment agent of the main role is to control the formation of scale, sludge, reduce the bubble, reduce the corrosion of materials in contact with the water, remove the suspended solid in the water and toxic substances, deodorant decoloring, softening and stable water quality, etc. So water treatment agent including coagulant, flocculation agent, scale inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, dispersant, fungicide, cleaning agents, in advance, defoamer, decoloring agent, chelating agent, deoxidizer and ion exchange resin. General chemicals, such as acids or bases used to adjust the pH of water, are often not considered water treatment agents.